References for overview information on priorities

Priority 1 Action 1

Help people to stop smoking or not start in the first place and live healthier lives

  1. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 2019-2029 Canadian Strategy for Cancer Control. Toronto, ON. 2019
  2. Statistics Canada. Health fact sheets: Smoking 2019 [updated 22 October 2020]. Available from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-625-x/2020001/article/00003-eng.htm. Accessed 02 January 2022.
  3. Statistics Canada. Canadian community health survey 2019. Government of Canada. Canada’s tobacco strategy 2021 [updated 29 July 2021]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/healthy-living/canada-tobacco-strategy.html. Accessed 02 January 2022.
  4. Government of Canada. Canada’s tobacco strategy 2021 [updated 29 July 2021]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/healthy-living/canada-tobacco-strategy.html Accessed 02 January 2022.
  5. Statistics Canada. Canadian community health survey, 2016.
  6. Statistics Canada. Canadian community health survey, 2015.
  7. Statistics Canada. Aboriginal peoples survey 2017 [Available from: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/survey/household/3250. Accessed 02 January 2022].
  8. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Helping people with cancer quit smoking: A business case to improve access to smoking cessation medications in Canada. Toronto, ON. 2021
  9. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 2019-20 Annual Report. Toronto, ON. 2020
  10. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Canadian Strategy for Cancer Control: Companion data (priority 1). 2019
  11. Health Canada. Seizing the opportunity: The future of tobacco control in Canada. Ottawa, ON: Health Canada, 2017.
  12. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 2018 Cancer system performance report. Toronto, ON. 2018
  13. Canadian Cancer Society. Summary of cancer type and risk factor pairs, 2019.
  14. Brenner DR, Poirier AE, Ruan Y, Hebert LA, Grevers X, Walter SD, et al. Estimates of the current and future burden of cancer attributable to excess body weight and abdominal adiposity in Canada. Prev Med 2019;122:49-64.
  15. National Cancer Institute. Obesity and cancer 2017 [updated 17 January 2017]. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#what-is-known-about-the-relationship-between-obesity-and-cancer-. Accessed 02 January 2022.
  16. Statistics Canada. Body mass index, overweight or obese, self-reported, adult, age groups (18 years and older). 08 September 2021 ed, 2021.
  17. Evans-Campbell T. Historical trauma in American Indian/Native Alaska communities: A multilevel framework for exploring impacts on individuals, families, and communities. Journal of interpersonal violence 2008;12(3):316-38.
  18. Wilk P, Maltby A, Cooke M. Residential schools and the effects on Indigenous health and well-being in Canada—a scoping review. Public Health Reviews 2017;38
  19. Panikkar B, Lemmond B. Being on land and sea in troubled times: Climate change and food sovereignty in Nunavut. Land 2020;9(12):508.
  20. Sallis JF, Glanz K. Physical activity and food environments: Solutions to the obesity epidemic. Milbank Q 2009;87:123-54.
  21. Friedenreich CM, Pader J, Barberio AM, Ruan Y, Poirier AE, Grevers X, et al. Estimates of the current and future burden of cancer attributable to sedentary behavior in Canada. Prev Med 2019;122:73-80.
  22. Government of Canada. Curbing childhood obesity: An overview of the federal, provincial and territorial framework for action to promote healthy weights [updated 07 March 2011; Accessed 02 January 2022]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/healthy-living/curbing-childhood-obesity-federal-provincial-territorial-framework/curbing-childhood-obesity-overview-federal-provincial-territorial-framework-action-promote-healthy-weights.html.
  23. Sarwer DB, Polonsky HM. The psychosocial burden of obesity. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2016;45(3):677-88.
  24. Canadian Cancer Society. Media backgrounder: ComPARe study 2019 [updated 08 May 2019]. Available from: https://cancer.ca/en/about-us/media-releases/2019/media-backgrounder-compare-study. Accessed 02 January 2022.

Priority 1 Action 2

Adopt proven practices known to reduce the risk of cancer

  1. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Action plan for the elimination of cervical cancer in Canada 2020-2030. Toronto, ON. 2020
  2. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Canadian Strategy for Cancer Control: Companion data (priority 1). Toronto, ON. 2019
  3. Sethi S, Poirier B, Canfell K, Smith M, Garvey G, Hedges J, et al. Working towards a comprehensive understanding of HPV and cervical cancer among Indigenous women: A qualitative systematic review. BMJ Open 2021;11
  4. Poirier B, Sethi S, Garvey G, Hedges J, Canfell K, Smith M, et al. HPV vaccine: uptake and understanding among global Indigenous communities – a qualitative systematic review. BMC Public Health 2021;21
  5. Henderson RI, Shea-Budgell M, Healy C, Letendre A, Bill L, Healy B, et al. First Nations people’s perspectives on barriers and supports for enhancing HPV vaccination: Foundations for sustainable, community-driven strategies. Gynecologic Oncology 2018;149:93-100.
  6. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. OncoSim. Toronto, ON: Canadian Partnership Against Cancer;  [Available from: https://dev.partnershipagainstcancer.ca/tools/oncosim/] Accessed 01 February 2022.

Priority 2 Action 1

Prioritize rapid access to appropriate diagnosis for those suspected of having cancer

  1. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. The economic burden of cancer in Canada. 2021 [updated 08 February 2021]. Available from: https://dev.partnershipagainstcancer.ca/topics/economic-burden-cancer/. Accessed 02 January 2022.
  2. Addressing Racism Review. In plain sight: Addressing Indigenous-specific racism and discrimination in B.C. health care, 2020.
  3. National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health. Access to health services as a social determinant of First Nations, Inuit and Métis health. 2011
  4. Canadian Cancer Society. Survival statistics for colorectal cancer. 2022 [Available from: https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/colorectal/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics.]
  5. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 2019-2029 Canadian strategy for cancer control. Toronto, ON. 2019
  6. Sethi S, Poirier B, Canfell K, Smith M, Garvey G, Hedges J, et al. Working towards a comprehensive understanding of HPV and cervical cancer among Indigenous women: A qualitative systematic review. BMJ Open 2021;11
  7. Ahmed S, Shahid RK, Episkenew JA. Disparity in cancer prevention and screening in aboriginal populations: recommendations for action. Curr Oncol 2015;22(6):417-26. doi: 10.3747/co.22.2599 [published Online First: 2015/12/31]
  8. Sacks TK, Savin K, Walton QL. How ancestral trauma informs patients’ health decision making. AMA Journal of Ethics 2021;23(2):E183-88.
  9. Hutchinson P, Tobin P, Muirhead A, Robinson N. Closing the gaps in cancer screening with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis populations: A narrative literature review. Journal of Indigenous Wellbeing 2018;3(1)

Priority 2 Action 2

Strengthen existing screening efforts and implement lung-cancer screening programs across the country

  1. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 2019-20 Annual Report. Toronto, ON. 2020
  2. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 2019-2029 Canadian strategy for cancer control. Toronto, ON. 2019
  3. Carriere GM, Tjepkema M, Pennock J, et al. Cancer patterns in Inuit Nunangat: 1998-2007. Int J Circumpolar Health 2012;71:18581. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18581 [published Online First: 2012/06/06]
  4. Chiefs of Ontario, Cancer Care Ontario and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. Cancer in First Nations people in Ontario: Incidence, mortality, survival and prevalence. 2017
  5. Mazereeuw MV, Withrow DR, Nishri ED, et al. Cancer incidence and survival among Métis adults in Canada: results from the Canadian census follow-up cohort (1992-2009). CMAJ 2018;190(11):E320-E26. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.170272 [published Online First: 2018/03/21]
  6. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. OncoSim Toronto, ON: Canadian Partnership Against Cancer; [Available from: https://dev.partnershipagainstcancer.ca/tools/oncosim/] accessed 01 February 2022.
  7. Canadian Cancer Society. Lung cancer statistics 2021 [Available from: https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/lung/statistics] accessed 02 January 2022.
  8. Withrow DR, Pole JD, Nishri ED, et al. Cancer Survival Disparities Between First Nation and Non-Aboriginal Adults in Canada: Follow-up of the 1991 Census Mortality Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(1):145-51. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0706 [published Online First: 2016/12/15]
  9. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Lung cancer screening in Canada: Environmental scan. Toronto, ON. 2021
  10. National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health. Access to health services as a social determinant of First Nations, Inuit and Métis health. 2011

Priority 3 Action 1

Set best practices and standards for care delivery and promote their adoption

  1. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 2019-2029 Canadian strategy for cancer control. Toronto, ON. 2019
  2. Basta YL, Bolle S, Fockens P, et al. The Value of Multidisciplinary Team Meetings for Patients with Gastrointestinal Malignancies: A Systematic Review. Ann Surg Oncol 2017;24(9):2669-78. doi: 10.1245/s10434-017-5833-3 [published Online First: 2017/03/25]
  3. Specchia ML, Frisicale EM, Carini E, et al. The impact of tumor board on cancer care: evidence from an umbrella review. BMC Health Serv Res 2020;20(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-4930-3 [published Online First: 2020/02/02]
  4. Wille-Jorgensen P, Sparre P, Glenthoj A, et al. Result of the implementation of multidisciplinary teams in rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2013;15(4):410-3. doi: 10.1111/codi.12013 [published Online First: 2012/09/11]
  5. Brannstrom F, Bjerregaard JK, Winbladh A, et al. Multidisciplinary team conferences promote treatment according to guidelines in rectal cancer. Acta Oncol 2015;54(4):447-53. doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2014.952387 [published Online First: 2014/10/08]
  6. Palmer G, Martling A, Cedermark B, et al. Preoperative tumour staging with multidisciplinary team assessment improves the outcome in locally advanced primary rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2011;13(12):1361-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2010.02460.x [published Online First: 2010/10/21]
  7. Cantrell MA, Ruble K. Multidisciplinary care in pediatric oncology. J Multidiscip Healthc 2011;4:171-81. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S7108 [published Online First: 2011/08/04]
  8. Chang HH, Liu YL, Lu MY, Jou ST, Yang YL, Lin DT, et al. A multidisciplinary team care approach improves outcomes in high-risk pediatric neuroblastoma patients. Oncotarget 2017;8(3):4360.

Priority 3 Action 2

Eliminate low-benefit practices and adopt high-value practices

  1. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 2019-2029 Canadian strategy for cancer control. Toronto, ON. 2019
  2. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Action plan for the elimination of cervical cancer in Canada 2020-2030. Toronto, ON. 2020
  3. Statistics Canada. Canadian community health survey, 2018.
  4. Statistics Canada. Canadian community health survey, 2017.
  5. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. OncoSim. Toronto, ON: Canadian Partnership Against Cancer; [Available from: https://dev.partnershipagainstcancer.ca/tools/oncosim/] Accessed 01 February 2022.

Priority 3 Action 3

Design and implement new models of care 

n/a

Priority 4 Action 1

Provide better services and care adapted to the specific needs of underserved groups

  1. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 2019-2029 Canadian Strategy for Cancer Control. Toronto, ON. 2019
  2. Young TK, Kelly JJ, Friborg J, et al. Cancer among circumpolar populations: an emerging public health concern. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016;75:29787. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v75.29787 [published Online First: 2016/01/15]
  3. Beben N, Muirhead A. Improving cancer control in First Nations, Inuit and Métis Communities in Canada. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016;25(2):219-21. doi: 10.1111/ecc.12479 [published Online First: 2016/02/27]
  4. Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami. Inuit and cancer fact sheets 2009 [Available from: https://www.itk.ca/inuit-cancer-fact-sheets/] accessed 02 January 2022.
  5. Mazereeuw MV, Withrow DR, Nishri ED, et al. Cancer incidence and survival among Métis adults in Canada: results from the Canadian census follow-up cohort (1992-2009). CMAJ 2018;190(11):E320-E26. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.170272 [published Online First: 2018/03/21]
  6. Withrow DR, Pole JD, Nishri ED, et al. Cancer Survival Disparities Between First Nation and Non-Aboriginal Adults in Canada: Follow-up of the 1991 Census Mortality Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(1):145-51. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0706 [published Online First: 2016/12/15]
  7. BC Centre for Disease Control. Culturally safe care. 2022
  8. Ford-Gilboe M, Wathen CN, Varcoe C, et al. How Equity-Oriented Health Care Affects Health: Key Mechanisms and Implications for Primary Health Care Practice and Policy. Milbank Q 2018;96(4):635-71. doi: 10.1111/1468-0009.12349 [published Online First: 2018/10/24]
  9. Government of Canada. Government of Canada initiatives to support LGBTQ2 communities and promote diversity and inclusion 2017 [updated 28 November 2017. Available from: https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/backgrounders/2017/11/28/government-canada-initiatives-support-lgbtq2-communities-and-promote] accessed 02 January 2022.
  10. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Living with cancer: A report on the patient experience. Toronto, ON. 2018
  11. Canadian Association of Nurses in Oncology. Patient navigator in cancer care.
  12. Cancer Care Ontario. Indigenous navigators [Available from: https://www.cancercareontario.ca/en/find-cancer-services/aboriginal-navigators] accessed 02 January 2022.
  13. Aboriginal Health Centre. Advocacy and outreach [Available from: https://aboriginalhealthcentre.com/services/advocacy/] accessed 02 January 2022.

Priority 4 Action 2

Ensure rural and remote communities have the resources required to better serve their people

  1. Levine OH, McGillion M, Levine M. Virtual Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: A Call for Evaluation. JMIR Cancer 2020;6(2):e24222. doi: 10.2196/24222 [published Online First: 2020/11/13]
  2. Virtual Care Task Force. Virtual care: Recommendations for scaling up virtual medical services. 2020
  3. Blandford A, Wesson J, Amalberti R, et al. Opportunities and challenges for telehealth within, and beyond, a pandemic. Lancet Glob Health 2020;8(11):e1364-e65. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30362-4 [published Online First: 2020/08/14]
  4. Ford-Gilboe M, Wathen CN, Varcoe C, et al. How Equity-Oriented Health Care Affects Health: Key Mechanisms and Implications for Primary Health Care Practice and Policy. Milbank Q 2018;96(4):635-71. doi: 10.1111/1468-0009.12349 [published Online First: 2018/10/24]
  5. Conlon MS, Caswell JM, Santi SA, et al. Access to Palliative Care for Cancer Patients Living in a Northern and Rural Environment in Ontario, Canada: The Effects of Geographic Region and Rurality on End-of-Life Care in a Population-Based Decedent Cancer Cohort. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2019;13:1179554919829500. doi: 10.1177/1179554919829500 [published Online First: 2019/02/26]
  6. Maddison AR, Asada Y, Urquhart R. Inequity in access to cancer care: a review of the Canadian literature. Cancer Causes Control 2011;22(3):359-66. doi: 10.1007/s10552-010-9722-3 [published Online First: 2011/01/12]

Priority 4 Action 3

Ensure care can be delivered between provinces, territories and federal jurisdictions when needed 

  1. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Smoking cessation in cancer care in Northwest Territories 2020 [Available from: https://dev.partnershipagainstcancer.ca/topics/smoking-cessation-cancer-care/northwest-territories/. Accessed 04 February 2022.
  2. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 2019-2029 Canadian strategy for cancer control. Toronto, ON. 2019
  3. Government of Canada. Jordan’s Principle 2021 [updated 09 December 2021. Available from: https://sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1568396042341/1568396159824] accessed 02 January 2022.
  4. Butow PN, Phillips F, Schweder J, et al. Psychosocial well-being and supportive care needs of cancer patients living in urban and rural/regional areas: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer 2012;20(1):1-22. doi: 10.1007/s00520-011-1270-1 [published Online First: 2011/10/01]
  5. Mathews M, Ryan D. Publicly funded medical travel subsidy programs in Canada. Canadian Social Work Review 2017;34(1):123-39.
  6. Aboriginal Health Centre. Advocacy and outreach [Available from: https://aboriginalhealthcentre.com/services/advocacy/] accessed 02 January 2022.

Priority 5 Action 1

Integrate the full spectrum of information and support services to ensure people are fully supported throughout the cancer experience

  1. Canadian Cancer Society. Childhood cancer statistics 2019 [Available from: http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-101/childhood-cancerstatistics/?region=on.] accessed 02 January 2022.
  2. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Experiences of cancer patients in transition study 2016 [Available from: https://dev.partnershipagainstcancer.ca/transition-study/.] accessed 02 January 2022.
  3. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 2019-2029 Canadian strategy for cancer control. Toronto, ON. 2019
  4. Canada Health Infoway. EMR adoption in Canada on the rise 2021 [Available from: https://www.infoway-inforoute.ca/en/component/content/article?id=7637:emr-adoption-in-canada-on-the-rise] accessed 02 January 2022.

Priority 5 Action 2

Address the limited and unequal access to palliative and end-of-life care across Canada 

  1. Cook D, Rocker G, Heyland D. Enhancing the quality of end-of-life care in Canada. CMAJ 2013;185(16):1383-4. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.130716 [published Online First: 2013/09/26]
  2. Bekelman JE, Halpern SD, Blankart CR, et al. Comparison of Site of Death, Health Care Utilization, and Hospital Expenditures for Patients Dying With Cancer in 7 Developed Countries. JAMA 2016;315(3):272-83. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.18603 [published Online First: 2016/01/20]
  3. Canadian Cancer Society. Right to care: Palliative care for all Canadians. 2016
  4. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Palliative and end-of-life care. Toronto, ON. 2017
  5. Canadian Institute for Health Information. Access to palliative care in Canada. 2018
  6. Roulston, E. Canadians’ views on palliative care. J Palliat Med 2017;20:S-9-S-14.
  7. Howard M, Bernard C, Tan A, et al. Advance care planning: Let’s start sooner. Can Fam Physician 2015;61(8):663-5. [published Online First: 2015/08/15]
  8. Jimenez G, Tan WS, Virk AK, et al. Overview of Systematic Reviews of Advance Care Planning: Summary of Evidence and Global Lessons. J Pain Symptom Manage 2018;56(3):436-59 e25. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.05.016 [published Online First: 2018/05/29]
  9. Teixeira AA, Hanvey L, Tayler C, Barwich D, Baxter S, Heyland DK. What do Canadians think of advanced care planning? Findings from an online opinion poll. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2015;5(1):40-47.
  10. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 2019-2029 Canadian strategy for cancer control. Toronto, ON. 2019
  11. Gauvin FP, Abelson J, Lavis JN. Citizen brief: Improving access to palliative care in Ontario. McMaster Health Forum 2013
  12. Schill K, Caxaj S. Cultural safety strategies for rural Indigenous palliative care: a scoping review. BMC Palliat Care 2019;18(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s12904-019-0404-y [published Online First: 2019/02/16]
  13. Shahid S, Taylor EV, Cheetham S, et al. Key features of palliative care service delivery to Indigenous peoples in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States: a comprehensive review. BMC Palliat Care 2018;17(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s12904-018-0325-1 [published Online First: 2018/05/10]

Priority 5 Action 3

Support children, adolescents and young adults at key transition points in their unique cancer journeys 

  1. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Canadian framework for the care and support of adolescents and young adults with cancer. Toronto, ON. 2019
  2. Nass SJ, Beaupin LK, Demark-Wahnefried W, et al. Identifying and addressing the needs of adolescents and young adults with cancer: summary of an Institute of Medicine workshop. Oncologist 2015;20(2):186-95. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0265 [published Online First: 2015/01/09]
  3. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 2019-20 Annual Report. Toronto, ON. 2020
  4. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Adolescents and young adults with cancer. Toronto, ON. 2017
  5. Canadian Cancer Society. Childhood cancer statistics 2019 [Available from: http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-101/childhood-cancerstatistics/?region=on.